Una delle innovazioni più utili della digitalizzazione dei contenuti è la capacità di fare copie di prodotti multimediali praticamente indistinguibili da quelle originali (come sanno bene le cae discografiche e le compagnie cinematografiche).
Ma la pratica della pirateria culturale ha radici molto più antiche.
L’esempio classico è la famosa disputa in cui la Universal Studios che chiamò in giudizio la Sony per accusandola di pirateria, per via della produzione di un sistema per la riproduzione di film, il Betamax. Era il 1984.
Ovviamente esistono anche esempi antecedenti: a mio avviso uno dei più interessanti è il roentgenizdat.
Siamo negli anni ’50 quando la Russia si chiamava URSS ed era una superpotenza mondiale protagonista della Guerra Fredda, che tanto ruolo ebbe nella sceneggiatura dei film di James Bond.
Come molti di voi sapranno, il regime comunista sovietico esercitava un controllo esasperato su tutto quanto potesse far circolare le idee occidentali nella cortina di ferro: vi risparmio gli aneddoti sul controllo che la polizia esercitava sulle fotocopiatrici.
Un esempio di prodotto clandestino che circolava in barba alle restrizioni della censura erano i famosi samizdat, ovvero delle pubblicazioni prodotte con macchina da scrivere (o col ciclostile) che servivano ai dissidenti politici per diffondere alcuni libri la cui diffusione era stata vietata dalle autorità sovietiche: Hemingway, Joyce e altri pericolosi pensatori. 🙂
C’è chi dice che gli uomini-libro del famoso romanzo di Ray Bradbury “Fahrenheit 451“, siano stati ispirati propri ai samizdat.
Ma solo la letteratura poteva essere copiata?
Fondamentalmente si, grazie al basso contenuto tecnologico delle tecnologie per la produzione libraria, ma non solo.
E qui entrano in scena i Roentgenizdat.
Con questo termine si indicano i dischi che riproducevano la musica occidentale censurata dal regime sovietico che venivano ricavati dal riciclaggio di vecchie radiografie e che circolavano in Ungheria.
Riprendendo il post di Kevin Kelly da cui apprendo l’esistenza di questi dischi, potremmo dire che quelle che all’apparenza sembravano radiografie, in realtà erano musica jazz.
Devo essere sincero: queste immagini sono sia impressionanti che affascinanti.
Impressionanti in quanto corpi, affascinanti in quanto musica (pirata).
Certo che sembrano passati i secoli quando i prodotti culturali erano oggetti fisici e non file di computer ed erano molto più difficili da duplicare.
Secondo me i Roentgenizdat sono un vero monumento alla libertà d’espressione e alla resistenz aa qualsiasi forma di controllo o censura del sapere.
PS: Per i colleghi che si occupano di Popular Music, possono avere maggiori indoemzioni sui Roentgenizdat nel primo capitolo (paragrafo: How Young People Got Recordings) del saggio di Trey Donovan Drake “The Historical Political Development of Soviet Rock Music“.
PPS: Altre immagini disponibili sulla pagina Tecnoetica su Flickr
Affascinante è dir poco … Non saranno ossa incrociate 😉 ma è di certo il più originale supporto per musica pirata.
Il maestro e margherita (uno dei miei libri preferiti) è circolato per lungo tempo come samizdat, e solo per alcuni capitoli.
Ops, dimenticavo una curiosità (a chi interessa)…questa è la rivista del laboratorio di slavistica creativa che si riferisce apertamente ai “samizdat”
http://www.esamizdat.it/
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